If your initial PSA test was ordered by your primary care provider, you may be referred to a urologist a doctor who treats cancers of the genital and urinary tract, which includes the prostate gland for this discussion or for further testing. For higher PSA levels, doctors are more likely to recommend getting other tests, or going straight to a prostate biopsy. If the initial PSA result is abnormal, another option might be to get another type of test or tests to help you and your doctor get a better idea if you might have prostate cancer and therefore need a biopsy.
Some of the tests that might be done include:. For some men, getting a prostate biopsy might be the best option, especially if the initial PSA level is high. PSA testing is sometimes combined with a digital rectal exam DRE to feel the prostate for abnormalities.
Knowing the risk factors for prostate cancer can help you determine if and when you want to begin prostate cancer screening. The main risk factors include:. There are a number of pros and cons to the PSA test.
Detecting certain types of prostate cancer early can be critical. Elevated PSA results may reveal prostate cancer that's likely to spread to other parts of your body metastasize , or they may reveal a quick-growing cancer that's likely to cause other problems. Early treatment can help catch the cancer before it becomes life-threatening or causes serious symptoms.
In some cases, identifying cancer early means you will need less aggressive treatment — thus reducing your risk of certain side effects, such as erectile dysfunction and incontinence.
You may wonder how getting a test for prostate cancer could have a downside. After all, there's little risk involved in the test itself — it requires simply drawing blood for evaluation in a lab.
Most medical organizations encourage men in their 50s to discuss the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening with their doctors.
The discussion should include a review of your risk factors and your preferences about screening. You might consider starting the discussions sooner if you're black, have a family history of prostate cancer or have other risk factors. If you choose to have prostate cancer screening, most organizations recommend stopping around age 70 or if you develop other serious medical conditions that limit your life expectancy. There is a problem with information submitted for this request.
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