Because Voldemort rules by fear and can't trust his followers, he cannot threaten to withdraw his trust if they are disobedient. He can only threaten torture or death. However, while this can ensure obedience to a point, it does not guarantee loyalty.
Without trust, Voldemort is forced to value usefulness over faithfulness. A good example of this would be his growing coolness towards Bellatrix, contrary to the high regard in which he holds Snape. Though Bellatrix rails against this, Snape correctly points out: "if he had not forgiven we who lost faith at that time, he would have very few followers left. What blinds Voldemort to the danger in this situation is his own arrogance.
Voldemort fails to understand that the more force he uses and the more fear he causes, the more force is likely to be used against him in return. He prides himself on being the best Legilimens ever to walk the earth. He fails to see that there will always be a stronger Occlumens; a loophole through which to escape his strike, an Achilles heel by which to bring about his end.
He is so arrogant and smug in his power, he cannot believe himself to be vulnerable. Dumbledore's advantage over Voldemort was that he acknowledged his own mortality and imperfection and was able to use it to his advantage.
He didn't wish to nourish his own ego with illusions of greatness by trying to be more than human. Dumbledore took pride in being human; therefore death wasn't a threat to him. Voldemort is motivated by fear and selfishness and only a deluded few are truly loyal to him. He is victim of the illusion that he can gain enough power to protect himself from anything that may come, but the truth is, there will always be a Dumbledore to discover his secrets, a Harry to hunt down his Horcruxes.
How well has Snape served his two masters? Well enough that each believed him to be loyal. We have ample evidence of how Snape served Dumbledore. In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone , it is clear that Dumbledore knew of the plot to steal the Stone and of Harry's attempt to prevent this. Dumbledore let The Boy Who Lived fight his battle.
That same boy wisely observed:. I think he sort of wanted to give me a chance I reckon he had a pretty good idea we were going to try, and instead of stopping us, he just taught us enough to help.
I don't think it was an accident he let me find out how the Mirror worked. It's almost like he thought I had the right to fight Voldemort if I could Instead it seems reasonable to believe that Snape was acting on Dumbledore's orders or at least with Dumbledore's knowledge in protecting Harry and watching Quirrell. Hidden under the invisibility cloak, Snape could have easily waited for Black to kill Harry before intervening, but he didn't. Likewise, in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , Dumbledore recites to Harry all of the steps Snape took to try and prevent the disaster at the Department of Mysteries.
He could have simply pretended that he didn't understand Harry's cryptic warning in Umbridge's office and walked away, leaving Harry to go to his death. His loyalty was constant and unwavering. Some would explain Dumbledore's trust of Snape and Snape's seeming loyalty to him with an Unbreakable Vow between the two.
I find this impossible. Voldemort would ensure obedience via a death threat. Dumbledore would never do such a thing. This doesn't mean that Snape would never disagree with Dumbledore or show his displeasure at what he considered to be a mistake. He could argue vehemently with Dumbledore and many a time spoke his mind, completely fearless of losing Dumbledore's trust.
Unlike the relationship between Voldemort and his Death Eaters, Dumbledore's relationship with his followers wasn't based on fear and bribery. Snape wasn't Dumbledore's lap-dog, nor was he his slave.
He didn't serve Dumbledore's personal interests, hoping to get a reward and to gain some power along the way. He didn't flatter or try to please Dumbledore. Rather, he knew that he had Dumbledore's complete confidence and therefore nothing to fear. Snape seems to enjoy Voldemort's confidence as well. The reason, again, lies in Voldemort's arrogant confidence in his abilities as a Legilimens.
He doesn't trust Snape as Dumbledore does, but he believes that he can detect any disloyalty. To his twisted mind, selfless equals stupid. Just as he is incapable of understanding of the power of love, the idea that such an intelligent man as Snape might act selflessly for a greater cause must be inconceivable to him.
We know less about how Snape has served Voldemort, though Bellatrix complained that he hasn't done enough. It can certainly be argued that Snape's greatest service to Voldemort was killing Dumbledore.
It could be that protection of knowledge that keeps Snape and Dumbledore so trusting - Snape knows the lengths Dumbledore was willing to go to if it meant Harry was old enough, strong enough and capable to take Voldemort on Arwan Time Turners.
I found this when I was rereading GoF, I totally missed it the first three times I read it, but it shows Snape telling Dumbledore information. Its the Pensive chapter when Dumbledore catches Harry viewing his memories.
Harry saw his own face change smoothly into Snape's, who opened his mouth, and spole to the ceiling, his voice echoing slightly. It's coming back Karkaroff's too Any thoughts?
Ron Time Turners. I quite like the idea that Snape has made an UV with Dumbledore, which gives Dumbledore the confidence that Snape has really taken the "good" side. Though it does not answer why Snape betrayed Voldemort assuming of course that Snape is indeed on the good side. So what about this Snape's mother was about the same age as Voldemort given the owner of the year-old book was Snape's mother, roughly the same time that Voldemort purchased the diary used in CoS. It is reasonable to assume that Snape's mother, in one way or another, knew Tom Riddle.
JKR: No. MA: Snape? JKR: That is a theory that's been put to me repeatedly. ES: What about Lupin? JKR: I can answer either one. ES: How about both? One at a time. JKR: I can't answer, can I, really? She was a popular girl, and that is relevant. But I think you've seen that already. She was a bit of a catch.
Notice that J. K has answered the Lupin question, but not the Snape one? More importantly, why could she answer the Lupin question, but not the Snape one? But again, she could have said something about not wanting to shut down theories, and her reluctance to comment on Snape at all , is a bit of a giveaway. Another quote on Snape in love:. Notice again that J. I think not.
And when Sirius tells Harry, Ron and Hermione that Snape was a part of this gang, he is referring to when Snape first attended Hogwarts. He has no one to talk to, and tries to ignore his feelings. Then, Snape joined the Death Eaters, and while he was under the service of the Dark Lord Voldemort, Snape overheard part of a certain prophecy:. Although not knowing it was only part of the prophecy, this was a major boost for Snape.
He was fresh out of Hogwarts, and probably not too far up in the ranks of Death Eaters. The prophecy is also anonymous; there is no mention of a name at all. So, when he takes word of the prophecy to Voldemort, Snape would have no qualms as to who it implicates. Then Voldemort decides to go after the Potters. Since leaving Hogwarts, Lily Evans has married James Potter, someone who Snape obviously loathed, and someone who is fighting against Voldemort.
Snape now has even more reasons to hate James Potter. Not only did he torment Snape at school and marry the woman that Snape loves, but they now have a baby.
Snape has no problem with the killing of James, and probably Harry, but what to do about Lily? By this stage, Dumbledore has also heard the Prophecy, but to its fullest extent. He knows that Voldemort is going to go after either Frank and Alice Longbottom, or James and Lily Potter, and this is where the timeline of events is very important.
He discovers that Voldemort is going to kill Lily. When Harry finds out that it was Snape who overheard the prophecy, he is extremely angry. Naturally, he hastened to tell his master what he had heard, for it concerned his master most deeply. I trust Severus Snape completely.
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